Somalia and self-declared Somaliland are situated along the busiest migratory routes and are hosting hundreds of thousands of migrants, mainly Ethiopians and. Affect the livelihood and overall humanitarian conditions of host communities, specifically the eastern migratory corridor linking the Horn of African countries and Yemen and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). 

In Somalia/Somaliland, migration is rooted in the historical experiences of Somalis travelling to Yemen and Saudi Arabia in the 1970s and before to work in oil exploration and production in this period and delved into the other economic sectors to generate income and feed families and relatives back home. 

While economic opportunities are linked to migration, it is important to underline the socioeconomic and conflict issues in the Horn of Africa, pressing the lives of affected populations in Ethiopia, the most populous country in the Horn of Africa. 

As a result of worsening conditions in Ethiopia and the fall of the central government in Somalia, while there is no strong evidence, it is essential to highlight that Ethiopian migrants continue to be the largest population transiting across Somaliland and Somalia exposed to dangers and trafficking because of weak or no strong legislation targeting transnational organised criminal networks facilitating irregular migration across these regions.